![]() ![]() However, parity was not an independent risk factor for persistence at any gestational age interval after adjusting for prior cesarean delivery. Prior cesarean delivery was an independent risk factor for persistent previa among women diagnosed with previa in the second trimester, P <.05. At each interval, complete previa was more likely to persist than incomplete previa, all P <.001. Of those with placenta previa at 15-19 weeks, 20-23 weeks, 24-27 weeks, 28-31 weeks, and 32-35 weeks, previa persisted until delivery in 12%, 34%, 49%, 62%, and 73%, respectively. Previa was detected during 940 ultrasound examinations in 714 pregnancies. ![]() The outcome was cesarean delivery for persistent previa. Gestational age was grouped into 4-week intervals from 15 to 36 weeks. ![]() Previa was categorized as complete if the placenta completely covered the internal cervical os or incomplete if the inferior placental edge partially covered or reached the margin of the os. This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with placenta previa detected during transabdominal or endovaginal ultrasound examination. ![]() Sometimes, it’s better to simply reword the phrase.To evaluate gestational age at ultrasound detection of placenta previa as a predictor of previa persistence until delivery, and to estimate the effects of previa type, parity, and prior cesarean delivery on previa persistence. But, keep in mind, not all readers will notice en dashes or understand what they mean. For example, the phrase Elvis Presley–style dance moves uses an en dash because Elvis-Presley-style dance moves is awkward “Elvis Presley” isn’t a compound modifier, so hyphenating it looks odd. They’re meant to give you a little extra glue when you have a compound modifier that includes a multi-word element that can’t easily be hyphenated. But, traditionally, en dashes function as a kind of super hyphen. When to use en dashesĮn dashes, which are about the width of an upper-case N, are often mistaken for hyphens. If you do need to split a word at the end of a line, it’s best to break the word between syllables. Book and newspaper publishers still set type this way, but it’s rarely necessary to manually insert word breaks in your own writing because modern word processors automatically justify and align your text. Hyphens are also commonly used to divide words that fall at the end of a line of text and continue on the next line. They’re also commonly composed of a noun plus a gerund. Most often, compound modifiers are made up of an adjective plus a noun or participle. The hyphen shows the reader that the words should be taken together as a descriptor for the noun. But “a dog-friendly hotel” does contain a compound modifier unless you understand “dog-friendly” as a unit of meaning, the phrase doesn’t make sense. For example, “a big, bright hotel” does not contain a compound modifier because big and bright don’t form a unit of meaning. A compound modifier (also called a phrasal adjective) is made up of two or more words that must be understood as a unit. You should also use a hyphen with a compound modifier before a noun. Email instead of e-mail, for example, is increasingly common. Hyphenated words tend to become closed compounds (single words with no hyphens) over time. But when you’re not sure whether a compound word should have a hyphen or not, check a dictionary or style guide. Numbers between twenty-one and ninety-nine should also be hyphenated when they’re spelled out. Some compound words, such as self-restraint are hyphenated. Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly When to use hyphens ![]()
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